The cautious Nicias tried to dissuade his fellow Athenians from embarking on so ambitious an enterprise, warning of a ''mad dream of conquest,'' a division of Athenian military power, possible revolts by their subject states, and ''grasping at another empire before we have secured the one we have already. How the Athenians and Spartans Fought the Peloponnesian War, (New York: Random House, 2005), 206. Demosthenes was put to. Geld verdienen und iPhone X gewinnen. Contrary to his intention, now more than ever ''[e]veryone fell in love with the enterprise'' and the Athenians chose to give full powers to Nicias as commander, who went on to demand no less than one hundred triremes and five thousand hoplites drawn from Athens and the subject states.6 Characteristically and foolishly, the Athenians chose the reluctant Nicias to lead the expedition, along with the forthright Lamachus and the firebrand Alcibiades, hoping that the three generals' different temperaments would somehow profitably complement one another.7 Appointing Nicias, who was against the expedition from the beginning, was a curious expression of democratic capriciousness; as Victor Davis Hanson writes: ''Such was the peculiar nature of Athenian command that sometimes generals who did not approve of expeditions were put in charge of them, on the dubious logic that they would provide a critical accountability both in the field and, later, at home. Der GRIN Verlag hat sich seit 1998 auf die Verffentlichung akademischer eBooks und Bcher Die Verlagsseiten GRIN.com, Hausarbeiten.de und Diplomarbeiten24 bieten fr Hochschullehrer, Absolventen und Studenten die ideale Plattform, wissenschaftliche Texte Diese Website verwendet Cookies. The next 11 years made up the wars second period of fighting. 6.13.1 and 6.10.5, respectively. CLST RR #16 - Andrew Huang Reading Response(03\/24(1 Does the entire Mytilenian incident support Cleons contention that a democracy is not capable of, 1 out of 1 people found this document helpful, (1) Does the entire Mytilenian incident support Cleons contention that a democracy is not capable of. to send a major military expedition to Sicily against the city of Syracuse. When in 409 Hannibal, son of Gisgo, sacked Selinus, Segesta became a Carthaginian ally. The decisive event was the catastrophe suffered by the Athenians in Sicily. The outcome could have been very different had the Athenians taken with them a cavalry up to the task, been guided by a more decisive and aggressive general than Nicias, and had a less capricious demos at home. Lecture 3 The Peloponnesian War and the Melian Dialogue .pdf, Copyright 2020. 14 Quoted in ibid. ''5 The Assembly, however, sided with Alcibiades and his audacious imperialism. (3) When one side is stronger, it gets as much as it can, and the weak must accept that. (p. 103) What does this quotation from the Melian dialogue mean? The initial commanders were Alcibiades, Nicias, and Lamachus, but the expedition was weakened by the recall of Alcibiades to stand trial for impiety (he escaped and went to Sparta, which sent help to Syracuse at his suggestion). Lnder - Mittelalter, Frhe Neuzeit, Bachelorarbeit, The initial commanders were Alcibiades, Nicias, and Lamachus, but the expedition was weakened by the recall of Alcibiades to stand trial for impiety (he escaped and went to Sparta, which sent help to Syracuse at his suggestion). Segesta was favourably treated under Roman rule; it became a. Alcibiades, on the other hand, in 6.17.5 demonstrates hoplite bias (cf. The Peloponnesian War. Nicias, seeing that his argument had failed, urged them to at least provide an overwhelming fleet adequate to the endeavor. Nine Greek Lives by Plutarch, (Penguin Classics, 1960). According to Plutarch, the embassy also contained envoys from Leontini, the restoration of which became one of the objectives of the Sicilian expedition, see Nicias 12. 11Ibid. n. 11 above) by arguing that ''the Sicilians have not so many hoplites as they boast; just as the Hellenes generally did not prove so numerous as each state reckoned itself, but Hellas greatly overestimated their numbers, and has hardly had an adequate force of hoplites throughout this war. How could the totalitarian systems that had existed for 60+ years without fail collapse through the work of one man? Ironically this is the bias that the Spartans suffered from during the futile hoplite excursions of the Archidamian War but from which they recovered at least to some extent when they realized that they would need to build a fleet to beat the Athenians. 1 Thucydides points to the Sicilian disaster already in the second book of his history at 2.65 and devotes great care to his description of the campaign in the sixth and seventh book. Although the initial Athenian force was very strongwith, into embarking on the disastrous Sicilian Expedition (416413). When the retreat finally began, the division under Demosthenes fell behind and was forced to surrender. In the third volume of his landmark four-volume history of the Peloponnesian War, Donald Kagan examines the years between the signing of the peace treaty and the destruction of the Athenian expedition In the absence of these things, miscalculation, combined with a lack of spirit, produced the greatest military disaster of the Peleponnesian War. 48Seiten, Ihr Kommentar wird vor der Verffentlichung redaktionell geprft. ''9 Not only was the Athenian armament in Sicily now deprived of a talented general, Alcibiades, fearing a death sentence in Athens, sabotaged a military operation and fled to Sparta where he incited the Peloponnesians to fight Athens in Sicily and provided them with valuable information, including his suggestion that Sparta fortify Decelea in Attica.10, Despite a massive reinforcement mission being sent from Athens under Demosthenes, the Athenians were unable to turn the tide of war, especially since the Peloponnesians under the Spartan Gylippus had now joined the fray, lifting the spirits of the Syracusans and recruiting allies in the rest of the island. Introducing Textbook Solutions. he would rather meet his death at the hands of the enemy than of his fellow-citizens. He purposely argued for 100 trireme ships and at least five thousand hoplites, thinking this excessive number would either cause the Assembly to reconsider the expedition, or at least provide '', BWL - Unternehmensfhrung, Management, Organisation, Hausarbeit (Hauptseminar), As Hanson notes: ''At almost every key juncture the absence of sufficient cavalry ruined the Athenians.''13. Course Hero, Inc. Other articles where Sicilian Expedition is discussed: ancient Greek civilization: The Sicilian disaster: 415413, better known as the Sicilian disaster. Services fr Verlage, Hochschulen, Unternehmen, Ihre Dissertation kostenlos verffentlichen. 13 Ibid. Through hubris, a lack of adequate cavalry, and incompetence at home as well as abroad, the Athenians allowed the expedition to turn into a monumental failure, foreshadowing their ultimate defeat in the Ionian War a decade later. But Alcibiades enemies chose the moment of the departure of the expedition as most suited to blame him for profanation of Mysteries as also for the mutiliation of the busts of Hermes. Can you find a passage in last class readings where Athens downfall is foreshadowed? In the winter of 416/5, envoys from the Sicilian city of Egesta arrived at Athens to ask for help in their conflict with the Selinuntineswho were allied with Syracuse reminding the Athenians of their alliance made under Laches.2 The Athenians were inclined to offer assistance, but, according to Thucydides, were ''ambitious in real truth of conquering the whole'' of Sicily.3 In a remarkable passage, Plutarch goes even farther in asserting the hubristic spirit unleashed in Athens with a view to Sicily and beyond, particularly by the young and ambitious hothead Alcibiades: Before the Assembly had even met, Alcibiades had already dazzled the imagination of the people and corrupted their judgement with the glittering prospects he held out, so that the young men in the wrestling-schools and the old men in the shops or the public meeting-places sat about tracing maps of Sicily or charts of the sea and the harbours and the coast-line facing Africa. The beneficiaries were of course the Spartans, who, having defended their interests in Sicily, took it upon themselves to deal the final blow to the Athenian empire in the Ionian War. Anticipating that Alcibiades had persuaded the Assembly to undertake the Sicilian expedition, Nicias argued that Athens required overwhelming numbers of hoplites and ships to be successful. ''7, The Athenians at home themselves made a great mistake by deciding to relieve Alcibiades of his command and recall him to stand trial in Athens over a paranoid and most likely trumped-up charge of having made a mockery of the Mysteries.8 Thucydides disapprovingly describes the attitude of the Athenians, whom he accuses of ''arresting and imprisoning the best citizens upon the evidence of rascals. 6.6.2. Kopieren und verbreiten untersagt. Early in the First Punic War, however, the inhabitants massacred the Carthaginian garrison and allied themselves with Rome. Ende der Leseprobe aus 4 Seiten (2) Why did the Sicilian expedition fail? The Sicilian Expedition To read the previous segment on the Peloponnesian War, Click HERE. You might need an economy of force in which you summarize earlier parts of this war so that students can read its most dramatic part, Books VI and VII, on the Sicilian Expedition. He was appointed to share the command, but, shortly before the expedition was due to sail, the hermae (busts of Hermes, messenger of Zeus and patron of all who use the roads, set up in public places, the general Nicias during the Athenian siege of Syracuse. A Case Study of the 2004 Olympic G The Lies of Savages. Interpretation oder Referat jetzt verffentlichen! Aided by a force of Spartans, Syracuse was able to break an Athenian blockade. Unser Newsletter informiert Sie ber alle neuen Arbeiten aus Ihren Fachbereichen. . https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sicilian-Expedition, ancient Greek civilization: The Sicilian disaster. Thuc. 7.11.4. 6.74.2, 6.93.4, 6.94.4; for the role of cavalry in the construction of the Athenian walls, see 6.98.3-4. Announcing our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! . and Lamachus, leader of the Sicilian expedition. How did Gorbachev's reforms lead to the breakup of the USSR? Fordern Sie ein neues Passwort per Email an. 94Seiten, Geschichte Europa - and. 2 Thuc. An inquiry into the failure of the expedition must begin with the decision-making process in Athens leading up to the campaign. Unter allen Autoren verlosen wir dieses Jahr ein iPhone 11 Pro. Fr neue Autoren:kostenlos, einfach und schnell, Geschichte - Weltgeschichte - Frhgeschichte, Antike. Failing to match its splendid appearance with an initial and decisive show of force, the Athenians allowed the Syracusans to regain their composure and confidence.9 Additionally, it soon transpired that the role that cavalry would play in the campaign had been critically underestimated by the Athenians; in the winter after their arrival, Syracusan horsemen first rode up to the Athenian camps and started insulting them on account of their military inactivity.10 With the danger of Syracusan cavalry now in mind but without one of their own adequate to the challenge, the Athenians employed a stratagem to lure enemy forces away from Syracuse in order to attack the city.11 Only in this way were they able to secure a favorable position for the first real battle, which they accordingly won, although they were prevented from engaging in effective pursuit by the belatedly arriving ''numerous and undefeated Syracusan horse, who attacked and drove back any of their hoplites whom they saw pursuing in advance of the rest. 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